BioVector® CVCC 2139 猪霍乱沙门氏菌标准菌株 / BioVector® CVCC 2139 Salmonella choleraesuis Reference Strain

通用定义BioVector® CVCC 2139 是一种源自猪源的猪霍乱沙门氏菌标准参考菌株。猪霍乱沙门氏菌是一种极具临床危害性的宿主适应性动物致病菌，也是引起仔猪副伤寒（表现为急性败血症和坏死性肠炎）的头号元凶。由于该菌株具有高度稳定的毒力表型以及清晰的耐药遗传背景，它在现代兽医微生物学，药物开发以及饲料添加剂评估中扮演着至关重要的角色，常被用作评价广谱抗菌药物，新型兽用疫苗，以及益生菌对肠道致病菌拮抗能力的标准指示菌株。

BioVector® CVCC 2139 技术与表型特征

1. 形态与分子遗传特征

• 细胞形态 属于革兰氏阴性短杆菌，大小约为 0.6 到 1.0 微米宽，1.0 到 3.0 微米长。没有芽孢，无荚膜。

• 运动性 细胞四周长有周生鞭毛，在常规培养基中具有极其活跃的运动性（游泳和趋化行为）。

• 革兰氏染色状态 革兰氏阴性。

• 代谢表型 兼性厌氧，能够利用葡萄糖产酸产气，但在常规生化鉴定中不发酵乳糖和蔗糖。这一关键的乳糖发酵缺陷特征使其可以迅速与常规的大肠杆菌进行区分。

• 致病性与毒力岛 基因组天然完整保留了沙门氏菌致病岛 1（SPI-1）以及沙门氏菌致病岛 2（SPI-2）的完整型分泌系统基因簇，具有极强的侵袭宿主巨噬细胞并在胞内生存复制的能力。

2. 培养与操作要求

• 推荐培养基与血清 推荐使用标准的 BioVector® Nutrient Broth 营养肉汤培养基，BioVector® Tryptic Soy Agar 胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基，或者专门用于沙门氏菌分离分选的 BioVector® XLD Agar 木糖赖氨酸去氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基。对于部分生长势头较弱的基因敲除衍生株，可在培养体系中额外滴加少量的 BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum 胎牛血清以辅助维持初始增殖活力。

• 培养参数

  • 温度 标准培养温度为 37 摄氏度。

  • 气体环境 有氧或兼性厌氧环境，常规空气培养即可。

  • 生长特征 生长极其迅速，孵育 18 到 24 小时后即可在营养琼脂上形成圆形，光滑，湿润，边缘整齐且半透明的稳健菌落。在专用的木糖赖氨酸去氧胆酸盐琼脂平板上，因其能够产生硫化氢，菌落中心会呈现特征性的黑色。

主要科研应用

1. 益生菌抗菌活性与替代抗生素筛选

• 拮抗指示靶标 在旨在替代微生态制剂中抗生素促生长剂的研究中，BioVector® CVCC 2139 常被用作肠道核心致病菌的标杆。科研人员利用它通过牛津杯琼脂扩散法等手段，定量评估从动物粪便中分离出的乳酸菌或芽孢杆菌对恶性沙门氏菌的抑制圈直径。

2. 减毒活疫苗与发病机制研究

• 毒力对比靶株 该菌株常被用作毒力完整的阳性对照株。通过定向敲除其致病岛中的特定效应蛋白基因，评估突变株在小鼠或仔猪体内的毒力衰减程度，从而筛选出具有良好免疫保护效力且不具备残留毒性的新型兽用减毒活疫苗制剂。

技术指标简表

操作提示 由于 BioVector® CVCC 2139 属于 2 级生物安全水平的动物致病菌，在处理冻存管复苏或进行平板划线时，必须严格在配置有高效空气过滤器的二级生物安全柜内进行。所有接触过该菌株的枪头，BioVector® Nutrient Broth 营养肉汤培养基残液以及培养皿，在废弃前必须通过 121 摄氏度高压蒸汽灭菌至少 30 分钟进行彻底的无害化销毁。

BioVector® CVCC 2139 Salmonella choleraesuis Reference Strain

Correction Note: According to official database records from the China Veterinary Culture Collection Center, the reference strain designated as CVCC 2139 is scientifically classified as Salmonella choleraesuis (Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis), not E. coli. In high-throughput antimicrobial challenge assays, this strain is frequently grouped alongside several E. coli reference strains such as CVCC 199 and CVCC 223 as indicator pathogens, which occasionally causes nomenclatural confusion. This documentation follows the authorized repository classification.

General DefinitionBioVector® CVCC 2139 is a reference bacterial strain of Salmonella choleraesuis preserved at the China Veterinary Culture Collection Center. Salmonella choleraesuis is a highly virulent, host-adapted animal pathogen responsible for swine paratyphoid, a severe disease characterized by acute septicemia and necrotizing enterocolitis in piglets. Possessing a highly stable virulence phenotype and a well-characterized antibiotic resistance genetic background, this strain serves as a critical tool in veterinary microbiology, pharmacology, and feed additive assessment. It is widely employed as a standard indicator pathogen to evaluate the broad-spectrum efficacy of new therapeutics, novel vaccines, and the competitive exclusion capabilities of probiotics.

BioVector® CVCC 2139 Technical and Phenotypic Specifications

1. Morphological and Molecular Genetic Characteristics

• Cellular Morphology Gram-negative short rod-shaped bacillus, measuring approximately 0.6 to 1.0 micrometers in width and 1.0 to 3.0 micrometers in length. It is non-spore-forming and non-capsulated.

• Motility Equipped with peritrichous flagella surrounding the cell body, demonstrating highly active swimming and chemotactic motility in standard culture systems.

• Gram Stain Status Gram-negative.

• Metabolic Profile Facultative anaerobe capable of fermenting glucose with the production of acid and gas. Crucially, it does not ferment lactose or sucrose in routine biochemical profiling, which differentiates it from typical E. coli strains.

• Virulence Architecture Naturally retains intact Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system effector gene clusters, facilitating aggressive invasion and intracellular replication within host macrophages.

2. Cultivation and Handling Requirements

• Recommended Culture Media and Serum Standard BioVector® Nutrient Broth, BioVector® Tryptic Soy Agar, or selective BioVector® XLD Agar designed for Salmonella differentiation. For compromised knockout mutant derivatives, a small quantity of BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum can be added to the formulation to support initial metabolic recovery.

• Incubation Parameters

  • Temperature Standard incubation is performed at 37 degrees Celsius.

  • Atmosphere Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, thriving under normal atmospheric conditions.

  • Growth Characteristics Grows rapidly, forming circular, smooth, moist, translucent colonies with distinct margins on nutrient agar within 18 to 24 hours. On selective XLD agar, colonies display characteristic black centers resulting from hydrogen sulfide production.

Primary Research Applications

1. Probiotic Antimicrobial Efficacy and Antibiotic Substitutes Screening

• Antagonism Target In green agriculture initiatives aimed at replacing antibiotic growth promoters with direct-fed microbials, BioVector® CVCC 2139 is utilized as a target pathogen. Researchers deploy agar well diffusion assays to measure the zone of inhibition generated by candidate lactic acid bacteria or Bacillus isolates against this virulent Salmonella strain.

  Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

  
  

2. Attenuated Live Vaccine Development and Pathogenesis Mapping

• Virulence Baseline Control This strain serves as an unattenuated positive control. By strategically deleting individual effector genes within its pathogenicity islands, investigators can measure changes in virulence in mice or piglet models, aiding the rational design of safe veterinary live vaccines lacking residual toxicity.

Technical Data Summary

Handling Note Because BioVector® CVCC 2139 is categorized as a Biosafety Level 2 animal pathogen, all procedures involving vial rehydration or plate striking must be performed within a certified Class II Biosafety Cabinet equipped with HEPA filtration. All spent pipettes, contaminated residues of BioVector® Nutrient Broth, and utilized agar plates must undergo autoclaving at 121 degrees Celsius for at least 30 minutes before waste disposal.

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